What is a neuroendocrine tumor?
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a type of cancer that begins in neuroendocrine cells, which have features of both nerve cells and hormone-producing cells. These tumors often grow slowly, but they can spread to other areas of the body.
Who is at risk for neuroendocrine cancer?
The exact cause of neuroendocrine cancer is not known. Most people diagnosed with neuroendocrine cancer are in their 60s, though it can occur at any age. It affects people of all genders about equally. Certain inherited conditions and genetic abnormalities can increase the risk of developing neuroendocrine cancer, including:
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)
- Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)
- Von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL)
- Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)
What are the signs and symptoms of neuroendocrine cancer?
Not all neuroendocrine tumors cause noticeable symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they often depend on where the tumor is located in the body. Common symptoms may include:
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
- Trouble breathing
- Chest pain
- Coughing up blood
These symptoms can also be caused by many less serious conditions. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to speak with your health care provider.
How is neuroendocrine cancer diagnosed?
To diagnose a neuroendocrine tumor, your provider will review your medical history, family history and perform a physical exam. Additional tests may include:
- Computed tomography (CT) scan - Helps identify the location and size of a tumor.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Provides detailed images of organs and tissues to help detect tumors.
- Positron emission tomography (PET) scan - Creates detailed images to locate tumors and determine if cancer has spread. This may include a Gallium DOTA-PET scan, which offers high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging specifically useful for diagnosing neuroendocrine tumors.
- Biopsy - A sample of the tumor is taken and examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
How is neuroendocrine cancer treated?
Every neuroendocrine cancer diagnosis is unique, and treatment plans are individualized. Your care team will work closely with you to develop a treatment plan tailored to your specific diagnosis, overall health and personal needs.
